Rates of potentially morally injurious events, combat, and lifetime traumas among Black/African American, White, Hispanic/Latino/a/e and non-Hispanic/Latino/a/e U.S. combat veterans

Abstract Objective: Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) involve transgressions of one’s deeply held sense of right and wrong. Race-related stress may be a source of PMIEs, but no studies have investigated how PMIE exposures differ by racial or ethnic identity. This study explored variations in reported rates of PMIEs among Black/African American, White, Hispanic/Latino/a/e, and non-Hispanic/Latino/a/e United States post-9/11 combat veterans. Methods: Secondary data analysis were conducted using observational cohort data from a repository on post-deployment functioning among combat veterans ($n = 487$).

Gender differences in reported potentially morally injurious events among post-9/11 U.S. combat veterans, using two measures

Abstract Objective: Military experiences that violate one’s sense of right and wrong (i.e., potentially morally injurious events [PMIEs]) may result in moral injury, characterized by shame, guilt, demoralization, self-condemnation, and social withdrawal. The objective of this study was to examine gender-related differences in the rate of reporting PMIEs. Method: Secondary analyses were conducted on a previously collected longitudinal cohort study of postdeployment functioning among U.S. post-9/11 combat veterans in Central Texas (N = 406).